PLANT RESISTANCE Characterization of Resistance, Evaluation of the Attractiveness of Plant Odors, and Effect of Leaf Color on Different Onion Cultivars to Onion Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
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چکیده
Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is a worldwide pest of onion, Allium cepa L. In Þeld studies on onion resistance conducted in 2007 and 2008 using 49 cultivars, 11 showedlowleafdamagebyT. tabaci. In laboratorystudies, the11cultivars, alongwith twosusceptiblechecks and four additional cultivars, were evaluated to characterize resistance to T. tabaci and to determine if color and/or light reßectance were associated with resistance to T. tabaci. No-choice tests were performed with adults and the numbers of eggs and larvae were counted on each cultivar after three and 10 d, respectively. In choice tests inwhich all cultivarswereplanted together in a circle in a singlepot, 100 adultswere released and thenumberof adultsoneachplantwasevaluated24h later.Thebehavioral responseofwalkingT. tabaci adults to plant odors was studied in a glass Y-tube olfactometer. The reßectance spectrum of leaves was measured using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Results indicate that resistant cultivars showed an intermediate-high antibiotic effect to T. tabaci and all of them showed a very strong antixenotic effect. There were no signiÞcant preferences in the response of walking T. tabaci adults to plant odors. The two susceptible cultivars had the highest values of leaf reßectance for the Þrst (275Ð375 nm) and second (310Ð410 nm) theoreticalphotopigment-systemofT. tabaci,andthesevaluesweresigniÞcantlydifferentfrommostresistant cultivars. These results suggest a strong response ofT. tabaci to onion cultivarswith higher reßectance in the ultraviolet range (270Ð400 nm). Overall, these results appear promising in helping to identify categories of resistance to T. tabaci in onions that can be used in breeding programs. Resumen El trips de la cebolla, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), es una plaga cosmopolita de la cebolla, Allium cepa L. En estudios en campo entre 2007 y 2008, se evaluó la resistencia de 49 genotipos de cebolla, y 11 mostraron menor daño de la hoja por T. tabaci (Diaz-Montano et al. 2010). En estudios en laboratorio, los 11 genotipos, además de dos testigos susceptibles y otros cuatro genotipos fueron evaluados para caracterizar resistencia a T. tabaci y para determinar si el color y/o luz reßejada por las hojas estaba asociado con resistencia aT. tabaci.Experimentos de no-selección fueron llevados a cabo con adultos y el número de huevos y larvas fue contado en cada genotipo después de 3 y 10 dṍas, respectivamente. En experimentos de libre selección, diferentes genotipos fueron sembrados en cṍrculo en unmismo recipiente, 100adultosfueronliberadosyelnúmerodeadultosencadaplantafuecontado24horasdespués.Larespuesta de adultos de T. tabaci hacia olores de las plantas fue estudiada usando un olfactómetro de vidrio en forma de Y. La reßectancia del espectro de las hojas fue medida usando un espectrómetro Ultravioleta-Visible (UV-VIS). Los resultados indican que los genotipos resistentes mostraron un nivel intermedio-alto de antibiosis a T. tabaci y un nivel muy fuerte de antixenosis. No se presentaron diferencias signiÞcativas en la preferencia de adultos de T. tabaci hacia olores de plantas. Las variedades susceptibles tuvieron los valores mas altos de luz reßejada en el primer (275Ð375 nm) y segundo (310Ð410 nm) sistema teórico del fotopigmento de T. tabaci y estos valores fueron signiÞcativamente diferentes a valores en la mayorṍa de genotipos resistentes.EstosresultadossugierenunafuerteatraccióndeT. tabaciavariedadesdecebollaconlasmasaltas reßectanciasenelrangoUV(270Ð400nm).Engeneral,estosresultadossonpromisoriosyayudanaidentiÞcar las categorṍas de resistencia de la cebolla aT. tabaciquepueden ser incluidas enprogramasdemejoramiento de cebolla.
منابع مشابه
Characterization of resistance, evaluation of the attractiveness of plant odors, and effect of leaf color on different onion cultivars to onion thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).
Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is a worldwide pest of onion, Allium cepa L. In field studies on onion resistance conducted in 2007 and 2008 using 49 cultivars, 11 showed low leaf damage by T. tabaci. In laboratory studies, the 11 cultivars, along with two susceptible checks and four additional cultivars, were evaluated to characterize resistance to T. tabaci and...
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